Method of managing attributes and system of managing same

ABSTRACT

A method of associating attributes with an information element adapted to be individually or collectively retrievable on a basis of at least one of the attributes is presented. Attributes adapted to have a direct attribute configuration, when associated with the information element for characterizing the information element, and a bridge attribute configuration, when associated with the information element for providing a link between the information element and another information element without characterizing the information element it is associated therewith; and associating an attribute from the plurality of attributes with an information element, the associated attribute being in one of the direct attribute configuration and the bridge attribute configuration is also hereby provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present invention relates to and claims priority from and is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/40,773, filed Mar. 9, 2009, entitled DOCUMENTS DISCRIMINATION SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF, which claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. 61/034,625, filed Mar. 7, 2008, entitled INTERFACE, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. 61/096,655, filed Sep. 12, 2008, entitled INFORMATION MANAGEMENT TOOL, all these documents are incorporated herein by reference. The present invention also relates to United States Patent Application Publication No.: US 2007/0214169 A1, published Sep. 13, 2007, entitled MULTI-DIMENSIONAL LOCATING SYSTEM AND METHOD and relates to United States Patent Application Publication No.: US 2007/0271508 A1, published Nov. 22, 2007, entitled MULTI-DIMENSIONAL LOCATING SYSTEM AND METHOD. All these documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to a computer system and more specifically to a user interface providing methods that facilitate information management and organization. More precisely, the present invention relates to attributes association with information elements and documents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

United States Patent Application Publication No.: US 2007/0214169 A1, published on Sep. 13, 2007 teaches a Multi-dimensional locating system and method (title). United States Patent Application Publication No.: US 2007/0271508 A1, published on Nov. 22, 2007 teaches a Multi-dimensional locating system and method (title). Both patent applications teach ways of managing and displaying documents on arrays of documents. What is taught in these documents have deficiencies.

For instance, one of the deficiencies becomes apparent when a first array of documents presents a group of documents having various attributes (or tags, categories . . . ) associated therewith. When selecting an attribute, either by selecting the attribute, or a document to select an attribute associated therewith, a second array of documents is enabled and displayed. The second array of documents, being either displayed non-parallel or parallel with the first array of documents, groups documents from the first array of documents having the selected attribute in common. Some documents from the first array of documents associated with the selected attribute will therefore appear a second time on the second array of documents. Displaying many times the same documents on different arrays of documents might be confusing for a user.

Another deficiency becomes apparent when a user wants to infer the attribute(s), value or the status of a document just by seeing a document. A document can be associated with a color associated therewith, however, the information transmitted by a color is not enough to properly translate more complex status or value of a document.

The meaning of a color or a pattern associated with a document is arbitrary. It might be desirable to use a color and a pattern that are already known in a complete non-analogous field and use the color and the pattern with documents to reduce the effort required to understand the meaning inferred by colors and patterns associated with documents.

Another deficiency becomes apparent when attributes, or tags, are used to categorize documents according to subjects, topics, categories or other means for linking to documents additional related information or documents. Attributes are associated with documents to categorize the documents and create a link among documents sharing the same attribute. This could be called a first-degree relationship. Thus, attributes are used to retrieve documents associated therewith. So, by selecting an attribute it is possible to retrieve the documents having the selected attribute associated therewith.

In certain circumstances it could be useful to draw a link between two documents, inter alia, that don't share a common attribute. It is therefore desirable to have a way to connect one document to another document despite they are not sharing any common attributes.

Another deficiency becomes apparent when multiple attributes are associated with documents. It can easily become time consuming to individually associate a plurality of attributes with documents.

One other deficiency becomes apparent when multiple attributes having substantially similar meaning are used. A query based on a specific attribute is unlikely to retrieve documents associated with another attribute despite the other attribute has a substantially similar meaning.

The prior art computer systems or computer interfaces have not provided solutions to deal with the aforementioned deficiencies and each of these deficiencies in the prior art yield a demand for an improved information managing system and method using an intuitive and natural way to visually present information as well as improved ways to manage associations between the documents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not an exhaustive or limiting overview of the disclosure. The summary is not provided to identify key and, or critical elements of the invention, delineate the scope of the invention, or limit the scope of the invention in any way. Its sole purpose is to present some of the objects and aspects disclosed in a simplified form, as an introduction to the more detailed description that is presented later.

The word “document” is used throughout the present specification to facilitate its readability. It is nonetheless not intended to restrict or limit the scope of the present specification to documents. The present specification is mainly directed to computer systems and provides improvements that are useable for managing documents, electronic documents, menu items, application windows and other user-selectable elements displayed on a user graphical interface. The applicant therefore reserves the rights to define claimed subject matters to, inter alia, the above identified elements that could be represented on a user-graphical interface.

The present specification refers to “arrays of documents” although arrays of documents can have various forms. In an embodiment the array of documents can have a substantially linear shape disposing documents along a timeline. In another possible embodiment the array can be a curved line along which documents are displayed. Alternatively, the array can dispose documents on a matrix having a plurality of columns and rows.

Methods of managing information and graphical user interfaces are carried on by computer-readable instructions that are enabled on a computer. Nowadays computers are used everywhere; they come in various shapes and devices. Computers are so popular, inter alia, because they transform into a variety of dedicated purpose computers depending on the instructions they use. De facto, a general purpose computer is of little help until it has dedicated useful instructions defining its functioning. Once it uses dedicated instructions defining its functions, the dedicated purpose computer is adapted to manage data, to transform graphical rendering of information, to exchange data, in other words the computer using dedicated instructions is material in the transformation of data, the management of the process of transformation and the graphical representation of the process of transformation and the result of the process of transformation for a user to appreciate and, possibly, act upon.

It is therefore one object of the present specification to improve at least one of the aforementioned deficiencies.

One object of the present specification provides an improved method for managing information on a computer system.

Another object of the present specification provides an improved user graphical user interface for managing information.

One other object of the present specification provides an improved computer system adapted to manage information.

An object of the present specification provides an improved graphical representation of documents that appears on more than one array of documents.

Another object of the present specification provides an improved graphical document representation capable of providing additional meaning associated therewith.

One other object of the present specification provides a method for drawing links between documents that don't commonly share an attribute.

It is one aspect of the specification to provide a discriminative visual feature to documents from a first array of documents that will also be displayed on the second array of documents when displaying the second array of documents.

An aspect of the present specification provides a discriminative visual feature for identifying which documents from a first array of documents will be copied on a second array of documents so that it becomes apparent for a user that the same document is displayed simultaneously more than one time to prevent confusion.

An aspect of the present specification provides a discriminative visual feature adapted to identify documents displayed on a first array of documents that will also be displayed on a second array of documents. The discriminative visual feature being enabled either 1) before the second array of documents is displayed, 2) at the same time the second array of documents is displayed or 3) after the second array of documents is displayed.

One aspect of the present specification provides a discriminative visual feature that is, individually or in combination, a document color, a document texture, a document frame, a document animation or a transition animation applied to the documents present on both the first array of document and the second array of documents.

Another aspect of the present specification provides an animation adapted to illustrate copying of documents into document copies to be displayed on other arrays of documents. The copying being preferably shown simultaneously when the additional arrays of documents are displayed.

It is one object of the present specification provides a plurality of pattern codes adapted to be associated with documents. Each of the pattern code has a meaning associated therewith allowing a viewer to infer the meaning associated with the pattern that is combined with a document.

An additional object of the specification provides a method to associate attributes with color codes and/or pattern codes adapted to be applied to documents.

One additional object of the present invention provides color codes and/or pattern codes that are adapted to be associated with attributes, an association of a specific arrangement of color codes and/or pattern codes being associated to more than a single attribute.

One aspect of the present specification provides a graphical pattern code providing attribute-related meaning to a document to which it is associated so that a viewer can infers the attribute associated therewith out reading the attributes when seeing the document.

Another aspect of the present specification provides color codes and pattern codes that are analogous to colors and patterns distinguishing values of poker chips (or token).

An aspect of the present specification provides document quantification associated with a color code and/or a pattern code that is analogous to poker chips values.

Another aspect of the present specification provides a set of color codes and/or a set of pattern codes associated with incremental values; each of the color codes and each of the pattern codes being adapted to be associated, individually or collectively, with documents to graphically illustrate the value of each document.

One aspect of the present specification provides an icon size, a thumbnail size and a document size representing one document over various strength of zoom; each of the icon size, the thumbnail size and the document size being adapted to illustrate a color code and/or a pattern code adapted to its respective size.

Another aspect of the present specification provides a color code and/or a pattern code associated with an attribute, the color code and/or the pattern code being adapted to be graphically associated with documents associated with the attribute in a way that an observer can infer which attribute is associated with a document without reading.

One other aspect of the present specification provides a color code and/or a pattern code adapted to use, inter alia, a main color, a secondary color, a main shape and a secondary shape in association with attributes that can be associated with documents.

An additional aspect of the specification provides a value associated with color codes and/or pattern codes applied to documents. Variations in colors or in patterns meaning variation in value.

One object of the invention is to group at least two attributes/values, used to categorize documents together, when the at least two attributes/values are considered to be analogous, to use the group of attributes/values in a search despite the at least two attributes/values are not selected by a user to perform the search.

An aspect of the present specification provides the ability to group a plurality of attributes/values having analogous meaning and to use one attribute/value from the group of attributes/values to generate a search that will also automatically consider the other attributes/values from the group of attributes/values in the search.

One aspect of the specification provides a method to associate a plurality of attributes/values together such that a single-attribute/value based search performed by a user also provides search results also having the remaining attributes/values of the plurality of attributes/values.

Another aspect of the specification provides a visual distinctive feature adapted to be associated with attributes/values that are in a group of associated attributes/values so that they are discriminated in a list of attributes/values.

One other aspect of the present invention provides sharing of group of attributes among users.

One object of the specification provides a group of attributes/values adapted to be offered to a user when a document in inserted in a database; the attributes/values can be deleted, modified and other attributes/values can be added to the document when the group of attributes/values is offered.

Another object of the specification is to reduce the time required to properly associate attributes/values to documents by providing a group of attributes/values instead of selecting each relevant attributes/value independently.

One other object of the specification provides at least one master attribute/value a group of attributes/values; the group of attributes/values being offered to the user when one of the at least one master attribute/value is selected to be associated with the a document.

An aspect of the specification provides a dialogue on a user graphical interface adapted to display a group of attributes/values potentially relevant to a document when the document is categorized.

Another aspect of the specification provides a mechanism in a computer system adapted to propose to a user groups of potentially relevant attributes/values to be associated with documents; the selected group of potentially relevant attributes/values proposed to a user being based on the selection of a master attribute.

One another aspect of the specification provides a plurality of master attributes in a same group of attributes/values, a selection of each of the master attributes enabling the display of a dialogue containing the group of attributes/values.

Another aspect of the specification provides access and/or sharing rights of each group of attributes.

One object of the specification provides a means for associating documents having no common attributes.

An aspect of the present specification provides attributes and bridge attributes (indirect attribute) associable with a document.

Another aspect of the specification provides an interface capable of displaying a document associated with attributes (direct attributes) and/or associated with bridge attributes (indirect attributes). The direct attributes categorizing the document, and the bridge attributes, not categorizing the document but categorizing another document, provides a bridge to the other document(s) from the document.

An aspect of the present specification provides a graphical association between a bridge attribute and a document.

One other aspect of the present specification provides a bridge between a document and a related document not sharing the same attributes.

Another aspect of the present specification provides instructions to a computer system to associate an attribute and a bridge attribute to a document.

Another aspect of the present specification provides instructions to a computer system to access a first document from a second document by selecting a bridge attribute associated with the first document and not categorizing the second document, the bridge attribute being an attribute categorizing the first document.

These and other advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer network;

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer network;

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer system;

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic exemplary embodiment of non-parallel arrays of documents with emphasis added on repeating documents thereon;

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic exemplary embodiment of substantially parallel arrays of documents with emphasis added on repeating documents thereon;

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary poker token;

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary icon representing a document with color-coding thereon;

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary thumbnail representing a document with color-coding thereon;

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary document with color-coding thereon;

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of documents with attributes associated therewith;

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary of associated attributes;

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary query using associated attributes, despite a single attribute has been selected, to build the query and provide results;

FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a module-based system adapted to manage and use grouped attributes;

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of steps performed during the creation of a group of attributes;

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of steps performed during the association of attributes from a group of attributes with a document(s);

FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a master attribute adapted to associated its related group of attributes with a document;

FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a plurality of attributes from a group of attributes associated with a document;

FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary dialogue adapted to allow the management of a group of attributes;

FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary dialogue adapted to allow the management of access rights related to groups of attributes;

FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a module-based system adapted to manage and use bridge attributes;

FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of steps performed to associate direct and bridge attributes to document(s);

FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of steps performed to retrieve documents based, at least in part, on direct and bridge attributes to document(s);

FIG. 23 illustrates a list of attributes;

FIG. 24 illustrates two documents with one respective attribute associated therewith;

FIG. 25 illustrates two documents of FIG. 23 with bridge attribute E associated with document (1);

FIG. 26 illustrates a plurality of documents with respective attributes associated therewith;

FIG. 27 illustrates the plurality of documents of FIG. 25 with bridge attributes E and F associated with document (1); and

FIG. 28 illustrates the plurality of documents of FIG. 26 with additional bridge attributes associated with documents (1), (2) and (3).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT(S) OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is now described with reference to the figures. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention by way of embodiment(s). It may be evident, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the present invention.

The features provided in this specification mainly, but might not exclusively, relate to principles of computer software and machine-readable code/instructions adapted to instruct a computer, many computers or other machines adapted to use the instructions to provide material effects on a display, or other means enabling human-computer interactions to manage documents, menus, user-selectable elements and other computer files. These code/instructions are preferably stored on a machine-readable medium to be read and acted upon to with a computer or a machine having the appropriate code/instructions reading capability.

Exemplary Network

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network 10 in which a system and a method, consistent with the present invention, may be implemented. The network 10 may include multiple client devices 12 connected to multiple servers 14, 16, 18 via a network 20. The network 20 may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a phone network, such as the Public Switched Phone Network (PSTN), an intranet, the Internet, Wi-Fi, WiMAX or a combination of networks. Two client devices 12 and three servers 14, 16, 18 have been illustrated as connected to network 20 for simplicity. In practice, there may be more or less client devices and servers 14, 16, 18. Also, in some instances, a client 12 device may perform the functions of a server 14, 16, 18 and a server 14, 16, 18 may perform the functions of a client 12 device.

The client devices 12 may include devices, such as mainframes, minicomputers, personal computers, laptops, personal digital assistants, phones, or the like, capable of connecting to the network 20. The client devices 12 may transmit data over the network 20 or receive data from the network 20 via a wired, wireless, or optical connection.

The servers 14, 16, 18 may include one or more types of computer system, such as a mainframe, minicomputer, or personal computer, capable of connecting to the network 20 to enable servers 14, 16, 18 to communicate with the client devices 12. In alternative implementations, the servers 14, 16, 18 may include mechanisms for directly connecting to one or more client devices 12. The servers 14, 16, 18 may transmit data over the network 20 or receive data from the network 20 via a wired, wireless, or optical connection.

In an implementation consistent with the present invention illustratively embodied herein, the server 14 may include a search engine 22 usable by the client devices 12. The servers 14, 16, 18 may store documents, such as web pages, accessible by the client devices 12.

With reference to FIG. 2, a network 20 includes the content cloud 30, a content database 32, content devices 34-38, and other devices 40-48. The network mediator 28 enables network devices 32-48 to communicate with each other without pre-configuring each device. The content cloud 30 represent a content source such as the Internet, where content exists at various locations across the globe that could be reached through a wired connection and/or with a wireless connection. The content includes multimedia content such as audio and video. The mediator 28 allows the content cloud to provide content to devices 34-48. The content database 32 is a storage device that maintains content. The content database 32 may be a stand-alone device on an external communication network. The mediator 28 communicates with the content database 32 to access and retrieve content. The content devices 34-48 include intelligent devices, such as, for example, personal computers, laptops, cell phones and personal digital assistants. The content devices 34-48 are capable or storing content data. The devices 34-48 are intelligent devices that receive content from other content devices 30-48. However, the devices 30-48 can also operate as servers to distribute content to other client devices.

Exemplary Client Architecture

The following discussion provides a brief, general description of an exemplary computer apparatus in which at least some aspects of the present invention may be implemented. The present invention will be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computerized device. However, the methods of the present invention may be affected by other apparatus. Program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, applets, WEB 2.0 type of evolved networked centered applications, etc. that perform a task(s) or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that at least some aspects of the present invention may be practiced with other configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network computers, minicomputers, set top boxes, mainframe computers, gaming console and the like. At least some aspects of the present invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked through a communications network as exemplified in FIG. 2. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and/or remote memory storage devices.

With reference to FIG. 3, an exemplary apparatus 100 for implementing at least some aspects of the present invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 120 or in the form of a computerized portable apparatus. The computer 120 may include a processing unit 121, a system memory 122, and a system bus 123 that couples various system components, including the system memory 122, to the processing unit 121. The system bus 123 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory may include read only memory (ROM) 124 and/or random access memory (RAM) 125. A basic input/output system 126 (BIOS), containing basic routines that help to transfer data between elements within the computer 120, such as during start-up, may be stored in ROM 124. The computer 120 may also include a hard disk drive 127 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 128 for reading from or writing to a (e.g., removable) magnetic disk 129, and an optical disk drive 130 for reading from or writing to a removable (magneto) optical disk 131 such as a compact disk or other (magneto) optical media. The hard disk drive 127, magnetic disk drive 128, and (magneto) optical disk drive 130 may be coupled with the system bus 123 by a hard disk drive interface 132, a magnetic disk drive interface 133, and a (magneto) optical drive interface 134, respectively. The drives and their associated storage media provide nonvolatile (or persistent) storage of machine readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 120. Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk 129 and a removable optical disk 131, these skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of storage media, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROM), remote cloud storage and the like, may be used instead of, or in addition to, the storage devices introduced above.

A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk 127, magnetic disk 129, (magneto) optical disk 131, ROM 124 or RAM 125, such as an operating system 135 (for example, Windows® NT® 4.0, sold by Microsoft® Corporation of Redmond, Wash.), one or more application programs 136, other program modules 137 (such as “Alice”, which is a research system developed by the User Interface Group at Carnegie Mellon University available at www.Alice.org, OpenGL from Silicon Graphics Inc. of Mountain View Calif., or Direct 3D from Microsoft Corp. of Bellevue Wash.), and/or program data 138 for example.

A user may enter commands and data into the computer 120 through input devices, such as a keyboard 140, a camera 141 and pointing device 142 for example. Other input devices (not shown) such as a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, a touch sensitive screen, accelerometers adapted to sense movements of the user or movements of a device, or the like may also be included. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 121 through a serial port interface 146 coupled to the system bus. However, input devices may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, a game port, blue tooth connection or a universal serial bus (USB). For example, since the bandwidth of the camera 141 may be too great for the serial port, the video camera 141 may be coupled with the system bus 123 via a video capture card (not shown). The video monitor 147 or other type of display device may also be connected to the system bus 123 via an interface, such as a video adapter 148 for example. The video adapter 148 may include a graphics accelerator. One or more speaker 162 may be connected to the system bus 123 via a sound card 161 (e.g., a wave table synthesizer such as product number AWE64 Gold Card from Creative® Labs of Milpitas, Calif.). In addition to the monitor 147 and speaker(s) 162, the computer 120 may include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as a printer, a hi-definition television and a scanner for example. As an alternative or an addition to the video monitor 147, a stereo video output device, such as a head mounted display or LCD shutter glasses for example, could be used.

The computer 120 may operate in a networked environment which defines logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 149. The remote computer 149 may be another computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and may include many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 120. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 3 include a local area network (LAN) 151 and a wide area network (WAN) 152, an intranet and the Internet.

When used in a LAN, the computer 120 may be connected to the LAN 151 through a network interface adapter (or “NIC”) 153. When used in a WAN, such as the Internet, the computer 120 may include a modem 154 or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 152 (e.g. Wi-Fi, WinMax). The modem 154, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 123 via the serial port interface 146 or another type of port interface. In a networked environment, at least some of the program modules depicted relative to the computer 120 may be stored in the remote memory storage device. The network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

Visual Document Attribute Discrimination

Referring to FIG. 4, is illustrated a first array of documents 200 comprising a group of documents 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222 disposed along a chronological order 230 on a graphical user interface adapted to manage documents.

Each document is associated with related attributes or tags, or keywords. In the present embodiment, each attribute is illustratively represented with a capital letter A, B, C, D or E. An attribute is selected, most likely by a user, from all the attributes associated with at least one of the documents present on the first array of documents 200. For instance, attribute E is selected. Documents 206, 212, 216, 220, 222 are illustratively associated with the selected attribute (i.e. attribute E). The document from which attribute E is selected acts as intersecting document. Alternatively, another document could be used as intersecting document although it makes sense to use the document from which the attribute has been selected.

Thus, attribute E is selected and document 212 is the intersecting document intervening between both arrays of documents 200, 300. The intersecting document 212 is located at the intersection of both arrays of documents 200, 300 to graphically put emphasis on the relationship between both arrays of documents 200, 300. A bold frame 240 or other visually discriminating element, optionally, illustrates that the selected attribute has been selected from this particular document 212.

The second array of documents 300 is created, simultaneously or consecutively with the display of the first array of documents 200, showing the documents from the first array of documents 200 that have the selected attribute E associated therewith. In other words, documents 206, 212, 216, 220 and 222 are search results obtained with the query “attribute E” disposed on the second document array 300 along the chronological order 232. As it can be appreciated, documents 206, 212, 216, 220 and 222 are copied on both arrays of documents 200, 300 where document 206 is copied and shown as document 302, document 212 is copied as document 304 (the same document used as intersecting document 212 therefore used a single time by both arrays of documents 200, 300), document 216 is document 306, document 220 is document 308 and document 222 is document 310.

Since documents 206, 216, 220, 222 are copied on both arrays of documents 200, 300 it could be confusing for a user to see the same documents 206, 216, 220 and 222 displayed at two different places, e.g. displayed on both array of documents 200 and array of documents 300. Or, it could be useful to a user to see where is copied a document of interest.

In order to identify and discriminate the documents on the first document array 200 that will be found on the second array of documents 300, a discrimination visual feature 250 is applied to the documents 206, 212, 216, 220, 222 and similarly applied to the documents 302, 304, 306, 308, 310 displayed on the second array of documents 300. In the present situation the illustrative discriminative visual feature darkens 250 the relevant documents as shown on FIG. 4. The discriminative visual feature 250 assists an observer, or a user of the system, to infer which documents from the first array of documents 200 will also appear on the second array of documents 300 and where it will appear so that a quick relation can be established between the duplicated documents 206, 216, 220 and 222. Document 212 is a special case and is darken 250 for a reason of consistency despite it is not duplicated for obvious reasons.

It might be desirable that the discriminating visual feature 250 be applied (or enabled) to the documents having the attribute E associated therewith on the first array of documents 200, then, display the second array of documents 300 with the duplicated documents 206, 216, 220 and 222. Then, enable the discriminating visual feature to be displayed with documents 302, 304, 306, 308, 310 on the second array of documents 300.

The discriminating visual feature 250 can appear for a limited lapse of time at the moment the second array of documents 300 is displayed so that an observer, or a user, could see which documents from the first array of documents 200 will also appear on the second array of documents 300. The discriminating visual feature 250 will disappear after a pre-selected delay is expired. Conversely, discriminating visual features 250, such as a document color, a document frame and a document texture applied to the documents to be duplicated, can remain associated with the subject documents as long as the second array of documents 300 is displayed. Conversely, the discriminating visual features 250 can remain visible for a predetermined amount of time and then disappear.

The discriminating visual feature 250 could be a color applied to the documents, a border around the documents, animations, an alteration of a portion of the documents, an animation showing a movement 260 of each documents having the E attribute from the first array of documents 200 to their respective position on the second array of documents 300. The display of the discriminating visual feature 250 can be made with an animation 260 literally moving, or copying, documents 206, 216, 220, 222 from the first array of documents 200 to their respective locations on the second array of documents 300.

Any visual means capable of discriminating the documents from a user point of view so that the user can see which documents from the first array of documents 200 will be, or is, duplicated on the second array of documents 300 is encompassed by the present specification. Also, more than two arrays of documents can be involved into the use of the discriminating visual features.

Referring now to FIG. 5 where are provided three parallel arrays of documents 330, 340, 350. The first array of documents 330 displays a group of documents 332 having a respective selection of attributes A, B, C, D, E and F associated therewith. Attribute E, in relation with all attributes associated with the first array of documents 330 or in relation with a particular document from the first array of documents 330 or from a list of attributes is selected and leads to the creation of array of documents 340 displaying only documents having the attribute E. The discriminating visual feature 250 is applied so that an observer, or a user, would see which documents from the first array of documents 330 are associated with the attribute E and are to be duplicated on the second array of documents 340 when the attribute E is selected and the second array of documents 340, displaying only the documents 334, 336, 338 associated with the attribute E, is created and displayed. As explained above, but this time in respect to substantially parallel arrays of documents, this application of discriminating visual feature 250 helps preventing any confusion occurring with the duplication of a number of documents. The second array of documents 340, thus, displays a group of documents 342 having the attribute E in common.

The same principle is applied to the third array of documents 350 that displays a group of documents 352, 354, 356 having the attribute F in common. A logic similar to the logic described in respect with attribute E applies here where a discriminating visual feature 252 put a X on the documents having the attribute F that will be duplicated on the third array of documents 350 grouping the documents having the attribute F in common. Similarly discriminating visual feature 252 marks the documents having the attribute F that are displayed on the third array of documents 350 grouping the documents having the attribute F in common.

Here again, the application of the discriminating visual feature 352 can be made with an animation 260 clearly moving, or copying, documents 352, 354, 356 from the first array of documents 330 to their respective locations on the third array of documents 352.

The illustrative embodiments presented herein are presenting three arrays of documents 330, 340, 350. However, the present specification does not intend to limit the number of arrays displayed consecutively or simultaneously.

Document Color Coding

As mentioned above, discriminative visual features 250, 252 are useful to distinguish documents from other documents that do not share some specific attribute, or tag, or key word.

Documents can be reduced and magnified in size according to the number of documents desired to be seen at one time on a display. When the document is too small to appreciate its details it is convenient to use colors, shapes and patterns associated to different meanings, attributes and/or tags so that a viewer can infer the associated meaning without having to magnify the document. More than one attribute can be represented by an arrangement of shape and colors. Various colors, shapes and patterns could be used and the scope of the present application does not intend to limit their possible variations.

It is desirable be inspired by color and pattern coding associated with something already well known in a non-analogous field to represent one attribute of a combination of attributes. One possible option is to see what is done in the field of poker where colors and patterns are used to distinguish the chips used in the game as opposed to real money. The colors and patterns are intended to be easily recognizable a chip's value when the chip is seen from its face and from its side without reading the actual writing on it.

Typically colors found in home sets of poker chips include red, white, blue and sometimes black; however, more recently a wide assortment of colors has become readily available.

$2.50 chips are almost exclusively used for blackjack tables, since a “natural” (a 21 on the first two cards dealt to a player) typically pays 3:2 and most wagers are in increments of $5. However, the Tropicana Casino in Atlantic City, N.J. has used pink chips in $7.50-$15 and $10-$20 poker games. Low-denomination yellow chips can vary in value: $20 by statute in Atlantic City and Illinois (which also uses “mustard yellow” $0.50 chips); $5 at most Southern California poker rooms; $2 at Foxwoods' poker room in Ledyard, Conn. and at Casino del Sol in Tucson, Ariz.; and $0.50 at Potawatomi Casino in Milwaukee, Wis. Blue chips are occasionally used for $10, most notably by statute in Atlantic City. In Las Vegas and California, most casinos use blue or white for $1 chips, though many Vegas tables now use $1 metal tokens in lieu of chips. Many casinos have coinless slot machines, and this practice reduces costs by limiting $1 chips to the craps tables, where such chips are necessary.

Chips are commonly available in $1000 denominations, depending on the wagering limits of the casino in question. Such chips are often yellow or orange and of a large size. Las Vegas, Atlantic City, and other areas, which permit high wagers typically, have chips available in $5,000, $10,000, $25,000, and higher denominations; the colors for these vary widely.

European casinos use a similar scheme, though certain venues (such as Aviation Club de France) use pink for

2 and blue for

10. European casinos also use plaques rather than chips for high denominations (usually in the

1000 and higher range).

In many places, gaming boards regulate the color and size of casino chips for consistency. All states require that casino chips have a unique combination of edge (e.g. side) spots for identification, the name and location of the casino and the chip's value, if any, impressed, printed, or molded onto the obverse and reverse of the token. Notably, Nevada has no regulations on color; this is why Nevada casinos may use white, blue, or gray as $1, though $5 and higher are almost always consistently colored.

Referring to FIG. 6, The color and shape used on poker chips 400 are distinguishable when the chip is seen from its face 402 and from its side 404.

A possible standard, for example, could use the following color-coding scheme illustrated in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Poker chips 400 colors 406, 408 and shape 412 values Secondary color 408 and Denomination Main color 406 secondary shape 412 $0.50 Dark yellow None $1 White None $2.50 Pink Round black $5 Red Square yellow $10 Blue Round white $20 Bright yellow Square black $25 Green Round yellow $100 Black Square white $500 Purple Rectangle white $1000 Fire orange Lozenge black $5000 Gray Triangle red

The denomination is the actual value of the chip 400. The main color 406 is used on a portion of the circumference of the chip 400 so that is can be consistently appreciated when seen from the face 402 and from the edge/side 404. FIG. 6 is depicting a possible main color 406 and main shape 410 but other shapes/patterns are considered within the scope of the present specification. The secondary color 408 appears in a secondary shape 412 consistently visible from the face view 402 and from the side view 404 in a contrasting color portion 414 (in the present example it is black). In the present example the secondary shape is a circle but it could be any other recognizable shape, e.g. square, triangle, oval, hexagon, diamond, spade, heart, skull, flag, clubs or a letter/number.

The application of a color and pattern code on documents could be defined as follow in Table 2 for illustrative purpose.

TABLE 2 Documents color codes and meaning Main color Secondary Secondary Document 424 Importance color 426 Delay shape 430 type Green Low Green Prospective Square Email Orange Medium Orange In time Circle Text Red High Red Urgent Rectangle Webpage Heart Picture Lozenge Not assigned yet Triangle Not assigned yet

Referring to FIG. 7 is shown an icon 422 representing a document 420. The icon 422 is a small representation of a document 420 used when the document would be shown too small for perceiving the details of the actual document 420. For this reason the color and pattern coding take illustratively all the area on the icon 422. The main color 424 is illustratively disposed on the periphery of the icon 422 while the secondary color 426 is displayed in cooperation with the secondary shape 430. Again, the secondary color 426 and secondary shape 430 are disposed in a contrasting portion 432.

Still on FIG. 7, for example, if the main color 424 is illustratively orange, the secondary color 426 is illustratively orange and the secondary shape 430 is illustratively round. According to Table 2, the attributes associated with the main color 424, the secondary color 426 and the secondary shape 430 of document 420 infer that it is a “text document” that is of “medium importance” and dealt with “in time”. This way, with a simple look over documents, it is possible to retrieve the “urgent documents” 420 by finding the documents having a secondary color 426 that is “red”.

FIG. 8 illustrates the same document in a thumbnail size 438 where it is possible to see the text document in much smaller size than the actual real life document size 440. The colors 424, 426 and the shape 430 are illustratively identified on the bottom of the thumbnail document 438 to limit the interference with the visible portion of the document 420.

FIG. 9 illustrates the actual document 420 in a real life size 440, or magnified size, so that it is possible to read the text of the document. In this case the colors 424, 426 and the shape 430 are applied on the circumference of the document 420 not to hide the document 420 itself.

Shapes and colors can be shared among users. The actual layout of the main color 420, the secondary color 426 and the secondary shape 430 on the document 420 are for illustrative purpose and could be changed while keeping the same spirit and without departing from the present specification.

Associated Attributes

As identified above, attributes, tags or key words are used to categorize and discriminate documents. The use of several attributes is desirable to properly classify documents with as many different attributes as necessary. This is probably workable without too much difficulty if there is a single user classifying its own documents with its own set of attributes, although it might not. When documents are exchanged among a plurality of users it becomes more difficult to keep a clear list of attributes since a user has to consider the attributes created by other users.

One possible issue arises when doing a search among documents. For instance, two (or more) attributes from different users (or perhaps a single user) can substantially share the same meaning. If only one attribute is selected to build the search query only the documents associated with this particular attribute will be presented as results. In other words all relevant documents associated to like attributes in meaning (but literally different attributes) will not be retrieved despite they could be relevant.

A way to fix this would be to change attributes on documents provided or shared by others. One can imagine that this process would be painful and time consuming. Realistically it would not be possible to do such an up-date to documents. Even if this was possible it would risk to created such a mess with shared documents that would then appear to have different attributes for each user.

An embodiment of the present specification provides associated attributes. An associated attribute is, like it says, associated with another attribute so that when an attribute is selected the associated attribute is considered as well.

Two documents (1), (2), 450, 452 are illustrated on FIG. 10 with respective associated attributes 454, 456. For example, if attribute A is selected to retrieved documents associated therewith, only document 1 would be retrieved as a result. There is no similar attribute with document 2 that is shared by another user because the document (2) 452 is categorized with the other user's attributes. The search would fail to provide all relevant results if attribute A of our user is equivalent in sense to attribute G of the other user's attribute. Therefore, the present embodiment provides a way to associate attribute A with attribute G as illustrated in FIG. 11.

FIG. 12 shows what happens with an attribute based search query if attribute A is associated with attribute G: both document 1 and document 2 are retrieved and presented in the results.

In the latter illustrative example, the logical operator used between attribute A and attribute G is logical operator (AND). Other logical operators could be used between associated attributes. One example could be to associate attribute A with attribute G with the logical operator (NOT) to exclude documents having both attribute A and G from the search results by keeping only documents associated with attribute A in combination with other attributes but attribute G.

To achieve this a correspondence table (not shown) could be used where a user indicates which attribute is associated with which other attribute(s). The attributes could be attributes of a single user or be attributes shared by other users. The attributes shared by other users could be shared by sharing the actual attribute(s) or by sharing documents having the attribute(s) associated therewith. In the latter situation the attribute(s) might not be usable by the user if the other user has granted no such access right.

Associated attributes can evolve over time. At first, two attributes can be associated together and later a third attribute can be associated thereto. The evolution of each “package” of associated attribute can be illustrated over a timeline showing when each additional attribute has been added to the “package” and when attributes have been removed from the “package” of attributes. It is desirable to keep track of the time of entry and the time of extraction of each attribute in a “package” of attributes to properly define a query targeting a specific time period.

Grouped Attributes

It can rapidly become time consuming to individually associate many attributes with a document (or a plurality of documents at the same time). In order to facilitate the process of associating attributes to documents it is provided herein to group attributes that are likely to be used together when associating attributes to document(s). In turn, many different groups of attributes can be created and retrieved when desired.

FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of a system capable of providing such mechanism. A display module 470 is provided to display documents and attributes; an organization module 472 adapted to organize documents with related attributes; a selection module 474 is adapted to select attributes and documents by a user; a group sharing module 476 adapted to share groups of attributes among users; a grouped attributes module 478 adapted to manage groups of attributes and a user interface module 480 adapted to provide user interaction based, at least in part, on a graphical display of user-selectable elements adapted to offer choices to a user in order to establish a dialogue with the user.

Turning now to FIG. 14 illustrating an exemplary flow chart of a possible sequence of actions leading to the use of groups of attributes. The sequence starts 490 with defining a name of a subject group of attributes 492 (to be created) and inserting an attribute 494 in the group of attributes with a predetermined selected default value associated with the attribute 496 (an alternative would provide an attribute with no value although the present embodiment uses a more refined attribute/value system thus requiring to select a default value to the attribute). It is determined if the attribute is a “master attribute” or not a master attribute 498. A master attribute is an attribute that, when selected in the course of associating attributes with document(s), will call the other attributes of the group of attributes to the dialogue presented to the user. The user can decide which attribute(s) from the group of attributes, and desired value associated therewith, when applicable, will be associated with the document(s). Each attribute in a group of attributes can be designed as a “master attribute”. This way, the selection of any of the “master attributes” of a group of attributes will call the other attributes from the group of attributes in the dialogue allowing association of attributes with document(s). Steps 494, 496 and 498 are repeated for each attribute in the group of attributes. Several choices are offered to the user managing the group of attributes. Still in FIG. 14, undesired attributes can simply be removed (or deleted) 500 from the group of attributes, other attributes that are not already part of the group of attributes can alternatively be added as previously discussed. The default value of each attribute can be changed 502. Finally, the group of attributes can either be enabled 504 or disabled 506 depending of the pertinence of the group before the illustrative process ends 508.

Turning now to FIG. 18 illustrating an exemplary process for associating attribute(s) to document(s). The process begins 520 with the selection of an attribute 522 intended to be associated with the document(s). If the selected attribute is a “master attribute” a dialog opens 526 to offer the other attributes from the group of attributes that includes the selected “master attribute”. It is possible to modify the attributes forming the group of attributes by adding, removing or altering the attributes/values of the group of attributes 528. The attributes are associated to the document(s) 530 when the adjustment(s), if needed, on the proposed group of attributes are done. Alternatively, if the selected attribute 522 is not a master attribute 524 then, the selected attribute can be associated with the document(s) 532 without offering a group of attributes before the process ends 534.

Other attributes forming another group of attributes are added in the dialog when another master attribute is selected. Redundant attributes will be automatically removed from the dialog. Many attributes, master attribute(s) or not, can be added in the dialog to properly categorize the subject document(s).

Turning to FIG. 16 illustrating a master attribute 540 accompanied by a master attribute identifier 542 adapted to be associated with document (1) 544. When the master attribute 540 is selected it calls the other attributes 546 from the group of attributes the master attribute 540 relates to. FIG. 17 illustrates the association of all attributes from the group of attributes with document (1).

An exemplary group attributes management dialog 550 is illustrated in FIG. 18. The dialog 550 displays the name 552 of the group of attributes. Each attribute in the group is disposed on a row. Each row presents editable choices related to each attribute. In the present situation, column 554 identifies if the attribute is a master attribute, column 556 identifies the name of the attribute, column 558 identifies the value of the attribute and column 560 offers the choice of deleting the attribute from the group of attributes. Other attributes can be added 562 if desired.

Access rights can be managed with another dialog as embodied in FIG. 19. Each group of attributes is illustrated on a row. Similarly with the dialog of FIG. 18, each column offers editable information. Namely, to enable or disable 570 the group of attributes, to which user or group of user 572 the group of attribute is accessible to and, inter alia, as understood, the name of each group of attributes 574. It is also possible to add 576 or delete 578 a group of attributes from the group of attribute access right management dialog 580.

Grouped attributes can evolve over time. At first, two attributes can be grouped together and later a third attribute can be added in the group. The evolution of each group of attributes can be illustrated over a timeline showing when each additional attribute has been added to the group of attribute and when attributes have been removed from the group of attributes. It is desirable to keep track of the time of entry and the time of extraction of each attribute in a group of attributes to have the possibility to retroactively modify attributes that have been associated with a document based on the use of the group of attributes.

Bridge Attributes

It is sometimes desirable to associate attributes to a document that do not categorize the document. This non-categorizing attribute is called a bridge attribute (or indirect attribute). It bridges the document to which it is associated [without further categorizing it] with other documents categorized by this bridge attribute [the bridge attribute is a direct attribute to them]. The bridge attribute, as opposed to a direct attribute, is associated with a document, or documents, because it builds a bridge, a link, leading to other relevant related documents. The same attribute thus can be a direct attribute for some documents and a bridge attribute for other documents. It is desirable that each direct attribute has its corresponding bridge attribute but it is not mandatory.

FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram of a system capable of providing such mechanism. A display module 600 is provided to display documents and attributes; an organization module 602 adapted to organize documents with related attributes; a selection module 604 is adapted to select attributes and documents by a user; a direct attribute module 606 adapted to manage direct attributes; a bridge attributes module 608 adapted to manage bridge attributes and a user interface module 610 adapted to provide user interaction based, at least in part, on a graphical display of user-selectable elements adapted to offer choices to a user in order to establish a dialogue with the user.

Turning now to FIG. 21 illustrating an exemplary flow chart of a possible sequence of actions leading to the use of direct and bridge attributes. The sequence starts 620 with the insertion of a new document 622, or the insertion of many documents or the modification of attributes already associated with document(s) already entered in the system and the sequence ends 628. In contrast, in FIG. 22, an illustrative sequence of actions related to the use of direct and bridge attributes is shown. The sequence starts 650 by having the choice of either selecting one or more direct attributes 652 or selecting one or more bridge attributes 656. If a direct attribute has been selected 652 a query is launched to retrieve other documents directly associated with the direct attribute 654. In contrast, if a bridge attribute has been selected 656 a query is launched to retrieve other documents associated with the selected bridge attribute 658 before the process ends 660. The selection of either direct or bridge attributes is not exclusive and a mix of direct and bridge attributes can be made to build a query to retrieve relevant documents.

FIG. 23 illustrates a plurality of attributes that can be either directly associated with documents or bridge documents to other documents by being associated with documents as bridge attributes. FIG. 24 illustrates two documents, document (1) and document (2), associated with respective direct attributes A and E. FIG. 25 illustrates the same two documents of FIG. 24 with bridge attribute E [in dotted line] being associated with document (1). In so doing, bridge attribute E associated with document (1) builds a link, or a bridge to use the same wording, with document (2) because document (2) is directly associated with attribute E; the bridge being illustrated with the dotted line 670.

Lets use an example that patent people will understand to illustrate the current embodiment in relation with FIGS. 24, 25 and 26. Document (1) 800 is a USPTO form PTO/SB/07 used to file prior art related to a patent application with the USPTO in an Information Disclosure Statement (IDS). Document (1) 800 can be associated with attributes that could be 1) “document sent to USPTO” [because this document is sent by the applicant to the United States Patent and Trademark Office], 2) “PTO/SB/07” [the USPTO form identification], 3) “IDS” [that is the purpose of the document] and/or 4) “attorney's file number xxx” [that indicates to which matter number this document relates to]. These attributes work fine with document (1) 800 but it would be useful to have direct access to the actual patent document [illustratively document (2) 810] cited in document (1) 800 (USPTO form PTO/SB/07). Document (1) 800 (USPTO form PTO/SB/07) is not a patent document and therefore is not associated with the attribute E 806 “patent document”. A bridge attribute E B806 “patent document” is therefore associated with document (1) 800 (USPTO form PTO/SB/07) despite the bridge attribute E B806 “patent document” is not categorizing document (1) 800 (USPTO form PTO/SB/07) [because document (1) 800 is not a patent document]. The bridge attribute E B806 “patent document” would lead to documents associated directly with attribute E 806, in the present situation the actual patent document (2) 810 cited in document (1) 800 (USPTO form PTO/SB/07) [here we assume there is only one patent publication to be cited in the IDS]. And, in turn, patent document (2) is directly associated with the [direct] attribute E 806 “patent document” that is actually correctly categorizing the patent document (2) 810. As one has understood from the figures, direct attributes are illustrated in solid lines and bridge attributes are illustrated in dotted lines.

Now referring more precisely to FIGS. 26, 27 and 28, document (1) 800 (USPTO form PTO/SB/07) is directly associated with attribute A 802 that is the “document sent to USPTO” attribute. The bridge attribute E B806 “patent document” is also associated with document (1) 800. The actual patent documents cited in the “IDS” of document (1) 800 are document (2) 810 and document (3) 812, both associated with attribute E 806.

Still referring to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 26, 27 and 28, the selection of attribute A 802 is adapted to launch a search to gather all documents having the attribute A 802 in common. Similarly, as mentioned above, it is desirable to allow an association with related documents not directly categorized by attribute A 802 but meaningful to document (1) 800 with a bridge attribute. The bridge attribute E 806 is a direct attribute associated with document (2) 810 and is a bridge attribute to document (1) 800. Thus, attribute E is an attribute to document (2) 810 and document (3) 812 and is a bridge attribute to document (1) 800.

FIG. 27 illustrates the graphical association between direct attributes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and their respective documents (1), (2), (3) 800, 810, 812 using boxes of solid lines. The bridge attribute E B806 is also graphically associated, illustratively using a dotted lined box to distinguish the bridge attribute E B806 from direct attributes illustrated in solid lines, with document (1) 800. The selection of direct attribute A from document (1) leads, when the attribute is selected in the context of a query, to other documents having the attribute A associated thereto. The selection of bridge attribute E B806 on document (1) 800 leads to document (2) 810 and document (3) 812, which neither share a direct common attribute with document (1) 800. The bridge attribute E B806 bridges document (1) with document (2) and (3) because they are relevant to document (1). In addition, other documents also associated with attribute E 806 will be provided if the bridge attribute E B806 was selected in the context of the building of a query.

FIG. 28 illustrates the documents of FIG. 27 with additional bridge attributes associated therebetween. One can appreciate that document (2) is associated with direct attribute E, F, G, H and bridge attribute A. Bridge attribute A draw a connection with document (1) despite document (2) has no common direct attribute with document (1). Similarly, one can also appreciate that document (3) is associated with direct attribute E, I, J, K and bridge attribute C. Bridge attribute C draw a connection with document (1) despite document (3) has no common direct attribute with document (1). As it is shown, bridge attributes can be used in both directions.

A computer-readable medium including computer-executable instructions for performing a method of discriminating documents, the method comprising: displaying a first array of documents; receiving instructions from the selection of an attribute associated with at least one document; displaying a second array of documents grouping documents having the selected attribute; and displaying documents associated with the selected attribute with a graphical discriminating feature.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is displayed on the first array of documents.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is displayed on the second array of documents.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is associated with a transition between the first array of documents and the second array of documents.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is a displacement of documents having the selected attribute from the first array of documents to their respective positions on the second array of documents.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is applied on the documents having the selected attribute on the first array of documents and the second array of documents.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is selected from a group consisting of a document color, a document frame, a document texture, a document animation.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the graphical discriminating feature is progressively applied to the documents.

The computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the display of the second array of documents triggers the removal of the first array of documents.

In a computing device, a method of discriminating documents, the method comprising: displaying a first array of documents; receiving instructions about the selection of an attribute associated with at least one document; displaying a second array of documents grouping documents having the selected attribute; and displaying documents associated with the selected attribute with a graphical discriminating feature.

A system for discriminating documents comprising: a display module adapted to display arrays of documents; a selection module adapted to manage a signal provided by a selection of an attribute; and a discriminating feature module adapted to apply discriminating features to documents having the selected attribute.

A graphical user interface adapted to graphically discriminate documents from a first array of documents that are also displayed on a second array of documents to show which documents from the first array of documents are on the second array of documents.

A computer-readable medium including computer-executable instructions implementing a method of discriminating documents, the method comprising: associating a first graphical discriminator with a first attribute; associating a second graphical discriminator with a second attribute; and displaying the first graphical discriminator and the second graphical discriminator with a document having the first attribute and the second attribute associated therewith. The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the graphical discriminator is selected from a group consisting of a color and a shape.

The computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the attribute is a value.

In a computing device, a method for graphically associate a plurality of attributes with documents, the method comprising: providing a group of graphical discriminators associated with attributes and analogous to poker chips design; displaying graphical discriminators, associated with attributes associated with a document, with the document.

A computer-readable medium including computer-executable instructions providing a method of grouping documents, the method comprising: associating a plurality of attributes therewith; providing a document; selecting at least one attribute from the plurality of attributes; providing at least a some of the remaining attributes from the plurality of attributes; and associating at least one attribute from the plurality of attributes with the document.

The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein at least one attribute from the plurality of attributes comprises the attribute and a value associated therewith.

The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the plurality of attributes is adapted to be associated with a workspace.

The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the plurality of attributes is a cluster of attributes, further comprising providing a plurality of clusters of attributes adapted to respectively be associated with workspaces.

The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein at least one attribute from the plurality of attributes is a master attribute adapted to call the other attributes from the plurality of attributes.

The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the plurality of attributes is adapted to be shared with a plurality of users.

In a computing device, a method for graphically associating a plurality of attributes with documents, the method comprising: associating a plurality of attributes therewith; providing a document; selecting at least one attribute from the plurality of attributes; providing at least a some of the remaining attributes from the plurality of attributes; and associating at least one attribute from the plurality of attributes with the document.

A system for grouping documents to be associated with a document, the system comprising: a display module adapted to display documents; a grouped attributes module adapted to group attributes; and a selection module adapted to receive instructions from a selection of an attribute.

A computer-readable medium having computer-readable code stored thereon providing a method of associating attributes with a document, the method comprising: directly associating a first attribute with a first document; directly associating a second attribute with a second document; and indirectly associating the second attribute with the first document, the second attribute being a bridge attribute to the first document.

The computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the bridge attribute does not categorize the first document and draws a link between the first document and the second document.

A method of associating attributes with a document, the method comprising: directly associating a first attribute with a first document; directly associating a second attribute with a second document; and indirectly associating the second attribute with the first document, the second attribute being a bridge attribute to the first document.

The method of claim 27, wherein the bridge attribute does not categorize the first document and draws a link between the first document and the second document.

The description and the drawings that are presented above are meant to be illustrative of the present invention. They are not meant to be limiting of the scope of the present invention. Modifications to the embodiments described may be made without departing from the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the following claims: 

1.-13. (canceled)
 14. A method of associating attributes with an information element, the method comprising: providing a first attribute; associating a second attribute to the first attribute; and associating the first attribute with an information element, wherein the second attribute is automatically associated with the information element, the information element being retrievable on a basis of the second attribute.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first attribute belongs to a first user and the second attribute belongs to a second user.
 16. The method of claim 14, comprising performing a search on a basis of the first attribute and wherein the search on a basis of the first attribute automatically performs the search on a basis of the second attribute.
 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising associating a third attribute with the first attribute, wherein the third attribute is adapted to be automatically associated to the information element when the first attribute is associated with the information element.
 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one information element is a document.
 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising providing a master attribute associated to a group of attributes including the first attribute and the second attribute, the master attribute being adapted to be user selectable and being adapted to associate the first and the second attribute with the information element when the master attribute is selected by a user to be associated with the information element.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first attribute and the second attribute are adapted to be defined as the master attribute.
 21. The method of claim 19, wherein associating the master attribute with the information element is adapted to associate the first attribute and the second attribute with the information element via a dialogue proposed to a user, the user being adapted to manage the attributes association with the information element on a basis of actions performed through the dialogue.
 22. The method of claim 19, wherein attribute access rights associated with the attributes are adapted to be managed via the master attribute.
 23. A method of managing information elements comprising: providing a plurality of attributes adapted to be associated with information elements, at least some of the attributes being adapted to have a direct attribute configuration, when associated with the information element for characterizing the information element, and a bridge attribute configuration, when associated with the information element for providing a link between the information element and another information element without characterizing the information element associated therewith; and associating an attribute, from the plurality of attributes, with an information element, the associated attribute being in one of the direct attribute configuration and the bridge attribute configuration.
 24. The method of managing information elements of claim 23, wherein, when the associated attribute is in the bridge attribute configuration, the associated attribute is adapted to be in the direct attribute configuration when associated with another information element, whereby an attribute associated with an information element in the bridge attribute configuration can also be associated with another information element in the direct attribute configuration.
 25. The method of managing information elements of claim 23, wherein a selection of an attribute associated with an information element in the bridge attribute configuration is adapted to be used as a basis of a search query adapted to provide results including information element associated with the selected attribute in the direct attribute configuration.
 26. The method of managing information elements of claim 23, wherein an attribute in the bridge attribute configuration is adapted to be selectable and further adapted to lead to another information element.
 27. The method of managing information elements of claim 23, wherein the information element is a document.
 28. The method of managing information elements of claim 23, wherein attributes in the bridge attribute configuration and attributes in the direct attribute configuration are adapted to be displayed simultaneously in graphical association with the information element they are associated with.
 29. A system for managing a plurality of attributes adapted to have a direct attribute configuration, when associated with an information element for characterizing the information element, and a bridge attribute configuration, when associated with the information element for providing a link between the information element and another information element, the system comprising: a computing module operatively connected to a storage having information elements stored thereon; a display module adapted to display a user interface, the user interface module being adapted to provide user interaction with information elements and attributes; a direct attribute module adapted to manage attributes in a direct attribute configuration; and a bridge attribute module adapted to manage attributes in the bridge attribute configuration.
 30. The system of claim 29, wherein a selection of an attribute associated with an information element in the bridge attribute configuration is adapted to be used as a basis of a search query adapted to provide results including information element associated with the selected attribute in the direct attribute configuration.
 31. The system of claim 29, wherein an attribute in the bridge attribute configuration is adapted to be selectable and further adapted to lead to another information element.
 32. The system of claim 29, wherein the information element is a document.
 33. The system of claim 29, wherein attributes in the bridge attribute configuration and attributes in the direct attribute configuration are adapted to be displayed simultaneously in graphical association with the information element associated therewith. 